প্রকাশ: 27/07/2022
The bickering over a
turbine Moscow says is to blame for a reduction of gas flows via Nord Stream 1
has put into focus the equipment the pipeline needs to operate.
At the heart of the tussle lies SGT-A65, a Siemens
Energy turbine that is 12 metres long and weighs 20 tonnes, and needs to
be transported back to Gazprom's Nord Stream Portovaya compressor station after
undergoing maintenance.
The turbine is stuck in transit in Germany, with Russia
pointing to outstanding issues around its transport and sanctions, while
Germany is blaming Moscow for deliberately holding up the process.
The Kremlin on Tuesday said a second turbine at the
compressor station has some defects.
Siemens Energy said its turbine maintenance was a routine
procedure, and that there had been no complications during the last 10 years of
maintenance.
"At this point in time, we thus see no link between the
turbine and the gas cuts that have been implemented or announced," it
said.
WHAT'S THE PROBLEM?
President Vladimir Putin says the West has unleashed an
economic war aimed at destroying Russia and its economy, and has promised to
sell Russia's vast energy resources to countries in Asia such as China if
European customers do not want to buy them.
Kremlin-controlled Gazprom is cutting capacity of Nord
Stream 1, the single biggest pipeline carrying Russian gas to Germany, to 20%
over what it describes as faulty equipment, most notably the delayed return of
the SGT-A65 turbine.
Germany disputes that and has said that the turbines are a
pretext, and that Moscow is using gas as a political weapon. "They don't
even have the guts to say 'we are in an economic war with you'," German
Economy Minister Robert Habeck said on Monday.
Gazprom has also halted another Siemens Energy gas turbine
at the station, citing routine maintenance and the "technical
condition" of the engine.
TURBINES AND COMPRESSORS
Eight industrial aeroderivative gas turbines were originally
manufactured by Rolls-Royce for the Portovaya station. Rolls-Royce's gas
turbine-making operations were bought by Siemens Energy in 2014.
These turbines are needed to power so-called driving
centrifugal compressors, which essentially raise pressure by condensing gas
volumes to ensure smooth transport of the fuel.
According to Gazprom, six of the gas pumping units at
Portovaya have a capacity of 52 megawatts (MW) each, while two units have a
capacity of 27 MW each.
In addition, there are four spare turbines on site to make
sure the station keeps pumping if some equipment has to leave the site for
maintenance, which usually happens every two to three years, a person familiar
with the matter said.
Two of the six large units may stay idle without reducing
the station's capacity, according to a source familiar with how the station
operates.
Gazprom did not reply to repeated questions about Nord
Stream 1 operations.
"Understandably a lot of people are saying 'this is
just the Russians making excuses while they put pressure on the European energy
market'," Jonathan Stern, distinguished research fellow at the Oxford
Institute for Energy Studies, said.
"That is entirely possible because we just don't know
enough from either Siemens or Gazprom about the maintenance schedule. The
problem is that neither side is giving us the information we need."
WHAT'S PORTOVAYA?
The Portovaya compressor station is located near the Russian
city of Vybord on the shores of the Gulf of Finland, where the Nord Stream 1
gas pipeline enters the Baltic Sea.
The station pumps natural gas across the Baltic Sea via Nord
Stream 1's 1,224 km (760 mile) undersea route to where it makes landfall in
Germany's Greifswald. Gazprom calls Portovaya the world's largest compressor
station.
Nord Stream 1 has a nameplate capacity of 55 billion cubic
metres (bcm) per year. However, the pipeline pumped more than 59 bcm in 2020
and 2021 after measures were taken to raise capacity, representing more than a
third of Russia's total gas supply to the European Union.
Portovaya reached a daily record of almost 177 million cubic
metres per day in 2020.
RUSSIAN TURBINES
Russia produces turbines with a maximum capacity of 25 megawatts.
Engineering company Power Machines is developing two types
of turbine with capacities of 65 MW and 170 MW each, it said.
The 65 MW turbine is expected to start working in testing
mode only in 2024, and the other later in 2022 or in 2023.
Russian Industry and Trade Minister Denis Manturov said in a
speech earlier this month in parliament that Russia is speeding up trials of
the large turbines "in the interests of the Russian power sector".
- Reuters
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